Peer-Based Programs
Inmate peer-based programs have four key advantages: credibility, range
of services, cost-effectiveness, and benefits to peer educators themselves.
Peer educators probably have more inherent credibility with inmates than
representatives of “the system.” They speak the language of inmates and
have had similar life experiences. To be effective, however, it is important
and challenging for peer educators to avoid being […]

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nstructor-Led Education and Educational Materials
Seventy-one percent of State/Federal prison systems and 5 percent of
city/county jail systems reported that HIV/STD education was mandatory
for all incoming inmates; 20 percent of State/Federal but no city/county
systems reported mandatory HIV/STD education at release. Fifty-one
percent of State/Federal systems and 44 percent of city/county systems
reported voluntary HIV/STD education at release. The Illinois
Departments […]

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The Importance of Comprehensive HIV/STD Education and Prevention
Programs
Comprehensive HIV/STD education and prevention programs should be
provided for correctional inmates, given the prevalence of high-risk
behaviors among them, the opportunity for interventions afforded during
periods of incarceration, and the potential public health benefits of such
programs. Given the existing knowledge of prevention and of the
particular circumstances and needs of the […]

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Types of HIV/STD Education and Prevention Programs Provided
Table 14 summarizes the types of HIV/STD education and prevention
programs that correctional systems provided to inmates in at least one of
their facilities, according to the 1992, 1994, and 1997 NIJ/CDC surveys.
This shows that the percentage of State and Federal systems offering
instructor-led education rebounded to 94 percent in 1997 […]

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HIV and STD Education and Behavioral Interventions
Theodore M. Hammett and Patricia Harmon-Abt Associates Inc.
o HIV and STD prevention programs are becoming more widespread in
correctional facilities.
o However, few correctional systems have implemented comprehensive
and intensive HIV prevention programs in all of their facilities.
o Peer-based education and prevention programs offer important
advantages, including cost-effectiveness, credibility, flexibility, and
benefits to peers […]

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Conclusion
Although available data are very incomplete, it appears that rates of STDs
and hepatitis B and C are higher among inmates than in the overall
population. Hepatitis C positivity rates are particularly high among
HIV-positive inmates and those with histories of injection-drug use. More
widespread implementation of hepatitis B immunization and screening for
hepatitis C in correctional facilities seem warranted.
Endnotes
1. […]

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Hepatitis Among Inmates
Hepatitis B vaccine is increasingly available to correctional inmates and
staff, and thus this infection, which is transmitted by the same routes as
HIV, can and should be brought under better control in correctional
facilities. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
requires that correctional staff who have direct contact with inmates be
offered hepatitis B vaccination.
By contrast, […]

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STDs Among Inmates
According to the 1997 NIJ/CDC survey, 88 percent of State/Federal prison
systems and 41 percent of city/county jail systems have policies for
mandatory or routine syphilis screening of incoming inmates (table 11).
However, 64 percent of State/Federal systems and 29 percent of
city/county systems with mandatory or routine syphilis screening did not
report or were unable to report […]

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Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Hepatitis: Burden of Disease Among
Inmates
Theodore M. Hammett and Patricia Harmon-Abt Associates Inc.
Key Findings
o Available data on STDs and hepatitis B and C among inmates are very
incomplete, reflecting the relative rarity of routine screening for these
conditions in correctional facilities.
o However, behavioral profiles and anecdotal evidence suggest that
inmates are disproportionately affected by STDs […]

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AIDS-Related Deaths in the United States
The number of AIDS-related deaths for persons age 15-54 was derived
from the CDC, HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, Year-end editions. Deaths
in the U.S. population for persons age 15-54 were taken from the CDC,
Monthly Vital Statistics Report, Vol. 42, No. 2(S); Vol. 43, No. 12; Vol.
43, No. 6(S); Vol. 45, No. 3(S); and […]

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